How does mongodb store data efficiently?

@aniya.jaskolski 

MongoDB stores data efficiently by using a document-oriented data model, where data is stored in documents composed of key-value pairs. This allows for flexible schema design, as each document in a collection can have different fields and data types.

Additionally, MongoDB stores data in a binary JSON format called BSON (Binary JSON), which is a lightweight, efficient, and easy-to-parse format that allows for efficient data retrieval and storage.

MongoDB also utilizes indexes to optimize query performance, allowing for faster data retrieval by quickly locating documents based on indexed fields. Indexes can be created on single fields, compound fields, or even geospatial data to further optimize data access.

Furthermore, MongoDB supports sharding, which allows for horizontal scaling by distributing data across multiple servers. This can improve query performance and overall data storage efficiency by spreading the workload across multiple servers.

Overall, MongoDB's efficient data storage is achieved through its document-oriented data model, BSON format, indexing capabilities, and support for sharding.